Users often delete data from their mailboxes that they later want recovered. Recovery of these deleted items is the most common reason for IT admins to recover data from traditional point-in-time backups today.
With previous versions of Exchange Server, administrators implemented two solutions to enable single item recovery, dumpster and restores. Both had their issues, unfortunately.
Exchange 2010 aims to reduce the complexity and administrative costs associated with single item recovery.
Terminology
The following definitions may be useful for understanding the content within this article:
Store Soft Delete - this is when an item has been deleted from the Deleted Items folder and placed within dumpster.
Store Hard Delete - This is when an item has been marked for purging out of the store.
Hard Delete via Outlook (Shift-Delete) - This is when the end user performs a shift-delete on an item. This results in the item bypassing the deleted items folder and being directly placed in dumpster.
Single Item Recovery in Previous Versions of Exchange
The end user single item recovery functionality was enabled through the store via the store dumpster. Administrators configured the dumpster setting on a per database or per mailbox basis. The default deleted item retention window in Exchange 2003 is 7 days, while with Exchange 2007 the default is 14 days.
The end user recovery process worked typically like this (see figure 1):
User receives message.
User deletes the message. The message is moved to the Deleted Items folder.
The user empties the deleted items folder (or an automated process like Managed Folders or Records Management deletes items out of the deleted items folder on a scheduled basis).
The user then realizes he requires the previously deleted item. Using Outlook the user accesses Recover Deleted Items.
Assuming the deletion timestamp of the deleted item is still within the deleted item retention period, the user has two choices:
The user can recover the item. The recovered item is placed back in the Deleted Items folder.
The user can purge the item from recover deleted items. This results in the deletion of the message permanently from the user's mailbox.
Figure 1. Dumpster in Previous Versions
If the item's deletion timestamp is beyond the deleted item retention period, then the item is not available for end user recovery. Instead, the user must call Help Desk and request recovery of the item. This involves:
The user knowing when he deleted the item.
The Exchange administrator locates a backup that contains the item in question.
The Exchange administrator successfully restores the database to a recovery storage group.
The Exchange Administrator extracts the deleted item and provides it back to the user. This of course assumes that there is a policy that allows for single item restoration and that this process isn't a really low priority for the Exchange administrator.
If the backup is invalid, or if there is no backup for the time period in question, then the deleted data is unrecoverable.
The other issue that needs highlighting is the fact that in previous versions of Exchange there is no way to prevent the end user from purging the data from the Recover Deleted Items view. This poses a significant legal risk for organizations that must ensure compliance requirements are met.
Dumpster Changes
In previous releases of Exchange Server, dumpster is essentially a view stored per folder. Items in the dumpster (henceforth known as Dumpster 1.0) stay in the folder where they were soft-deleted (shift-delete or delete from Deleted Items) and are stamped with the ptagDeletedOnFlag flag. These items are special-cased in the store to be excluded from normal Outlook views and quotas. In addition, data with this flag cannot be searched or indexed.
Note: Users can perform a shift-delete and cause a message to bypass the Deleted Items folder and go straight to dumpster. Prior to Outlook 2007, the Recover Deleted Items tool, by default, only exposed the dumpster view for the Deleted Items folder. By setting the DumpsterAlwaysOn registry key (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/886205) you can enable the Recover Deleted Items tool for all folders in the mailbox and thus expose dumpster data for any folder in the Exchange 2003 or Exchange 2007 mailbox.
One of the key architectural changes in Exchange 2010 is to truly enable a litigation hold experience for customers that have legal compliance requirements. As a result, Exchange 2010 must meet these requirements:
Exchange has to ensure that dumpster data moves with the mailbox.
Dumpster data must be indexed and discoverable.
Dumpster must have a quota.
Exchange has to prevent purging of data from dumpster.
Exchange has to track edits of certain content.
Dumpster should be per mailbox and not per folder.
In order to facilitate these requirements, Dumpster was re-architected. Unlike Dumpster 1.0, Dumpster 2.0 is no longer simply a view. Dumpster in Exchange 2010 is implemented as a folder called the Recoverable Items and is located within the Non-IPM subtree of the user's mailbox (note that this is a hidden section of the mailbox and is not exposed to the end user through any client interface). The folder has three sub-folders:
Deletions
Versions
Purges
The Deletions folder replaces the ptagDeletedOnFlag view that was displayed when a user accessed the Recover Deleted Items tool. When a user soft deletes or performs an Outlook hard delete against an item, the item is moved to the Recoverable Items\Deletions folder. When the user accesses Outlook/OWA Recover Deleted Items, the RPC Client Access service translates the request and returns the Recoverable Items\Deletions folder view.
By architecting Dumpster to be a folder, three of the requirements are immediately met:
Dumpster data is now indexed and discoverable.
Dumpster data can now be moved with the mailbox.
Dumpster data is now stored on a per-mailbox basis rather than a per folder basis. From an end-user perspective, this means that deleted data is now easier to recover because Recover Deleted Items tool will now expose deleted data across the entire mailbox.
To ensure that Denial of Service attacks by placing large quantities of data into dumpster are prevented, Dumpster 2.0 has configurable quota settings. These settings can be configured per database and per mailbox:
RecoverableItemsWarningQuota - Sets the soft limit that defaults to 20 GB. When the Recoverable Items folder reaches that size, the Exchange administrator will be notified via an event log alert. This alert should fire at the time the mailbox reaches the limit and once daily afterward. By default, the mailbox is not configured with this property, meaning that database-level limits are used. At this limit items will begin to be deleted from the dumpster using the first-in / first-out (FIFO) principle - essentially, the oldest items in the dumpster are deleted first. For example, consider a mailbox that has a dumpster that is 20GB in size and the user deletes an additional 50MB worth of data. In this case, the oldest 50MB worth of data is deleted to make room for the new 50MB worth of data.
RecoverableItemsQuota - Sets the hard limit that defaults to 30 GB. At that limit, soft deletes will fail. The Exchange administrator will be notified via an event log alert. This alert should fire at the time the mailbox reaches the limit and once daily afterward. By default, the mailbox is not configured with this property, meaning that database-level limits are used.
Note: Exchange 2010 includes capability for each mailbox to also maintain an archive mailbox as well. There is a dumpster for both the primary mailbox and the archive mailbox. Data deleted in the primary mailbox is placed in the primary mailbox dumpster, while data deleted in the archive mailbox is placed in the archive mailbox dumpster.
Single Item Recovery in Exchange 2010
But how does Exchange 2010 meet the other two requirements, ensuring data is not either accidentally or maliciously purged and that versions are tracked? Exchange 2010 now includes two mechanisms to meet those requirements:
Short-term preservation of data
Long-term preservation of data
Short-Term Preservation of Data
Exchange 2010 includes the ability to ensure that data within the mailbox is preserved for a period of time. This feature can be enabled enabled on a per mailbox basis by running the following cmdlet:
Set-Mailbox -SingleItemRecoveryEnabled $true
Note: When enabling this feature, you will be notified that it could take up to 60 minutes for single item recovery to take effect. This is an approximation due to Active Directory replication. Be sure to evaluate your Active Directory replication topology with respect to administering recipients to understanding how Active Directory replication may impact changes in your environment.
The time period by which the deleted data is maintained is based on the deleted item retention window. The default time period is 14 days in Exchange 2010 and is configurable per database or per mailbox. The following cmdlets let you alter this behavior:
For the mailbox database: Set-MailboxDatabase -DeletedItemRetention
For the mailbox: Set-Mailbox -RetainDeletedItemsFor
Note: Regardless, of whether you have Single Item Recovery enabled, calendar items are maintained in the Recoverable Items folder structure for 120 days. Long-term data preservation via litigation hold will disable the expiration of the items.
At this point you may be thinking, how is this any different than in previous versions of Exchange? With short-term preservation deleted items will still be moved into the Recoverable Items folder structure. However, the data cannot be purged until deletion timestamp is past the deleted item retention window. Even if the end user attempts to purge the data, the data is retained. Consider this example by a malicious user:
User sends or receives a message that is legally incriminating.
User deletes the message. The message is moved to the Deleted Items folder.
The user empties the deleted items folder.
The user accesses the Recover Deleted Items functionality in Outlook or OWA.
The user then selects the item and deletes the item. At this point the user believes he has removed the incriminating evidence. And this is a key strength in this work flow as the end user's actions are not interrupted or prevented; in other words, the end user's work flow is not impaired with single item recovery enabled.
However, the message was not purged from the mailbox store. Instead the message was moved from the Recoverable Items\Deletions folder to the Recoverable Items\Purges folder. All store hard-deleted items end up in this folder when single item recovery is enabled. The Recoverable Items\Purges folder is not visible to the end user, meaning that they do not see data retained in this folder in the Recover Deleted Items tool.
When the message deletion timestamp has exceeded the deleted item retention window, Records Management will purge the item. See Figure 2 for a visual representation of this behavior.
Figure 2. Dumpster 2.0
Not only does short term preservation prevent purging of data before the deleted item retention window has expired, but it also enables versioning functionality. Essentially when an item is changed, a copy-on-write is performed to preserve the original version of the item. The original item is placed in the Recoverable Items\Versions folder. This folder is not exposed to the end user. What triggers a copy-on-write?
For messages and posts (IPM.Note* and IPM.Post*), copy-on-write will capture changes in the subject, body, attachments, senders/recipients, and sent/received dates.
For other types of items, copy-on-write will occur for any change to the item except for moves between folders and read/unread status changes.\
Drafts will be exempt from copy-on-write to prevent excessive copies when drafts are auto-saved.
The data stored in the Recoverable Items\Versions folder is indexed and discoverable by compliance officers.
Long-Term Preservation of Data
Customers sometimes require mechanisms by which data is maintained for longer periods of time, say indefinitely. This is typically due to litigation hold that occurs when the organization is undergoing a lawsuit. With Exchange 2010, litigation hold can be enabled via the Exchange Control Panel or by setting the property LitigationHoldEnabled via the Set-Mailbox cmdlet.
Note: When enabling this feature, you will be notified that it could take up to 60 minutes for single item recovery to take effect. This is an approximation due to Active Directory replication. Be sure to evaluate your Active Directory replication topology with respect to administering recipients to understanding how Active Directory replication may impact changes in your environment.
When litigation hold is enabled, records management purging of dumpster data ceases. Consider the following four cases:
When the end user deletes an item from the "Deleted Items" folder or shift-deletes Outlook/OWA from any folder (soft delete), the item is moved to Recoverable Items\Deletions folder, where it can be recovered in the Outlook /OWA "Recover Deleted Items" view.
If the end user purges data from the "Recover Deleted Items" view (hard delete from the Recoverable Items\Deletions folder), the item will be moved to the Recoverable Items\Purges folder.
When an end user modifies an item, a copy of the original item is placed in the Recoverable Items\Versions folder based on the criteria discussed in the Short-Term Preservation of Data section.
Also, when litigation hold is enabled, the FIFO deletion at warning limit is ignored . When a user's Recoverable Items folder exceeds the warning quota for recoverable items (as specified by the RecoverableItemsWarningQuota parameter), an event is logged in the Application event log of the Mailbox server. When the folder exceeds the quota for recoverable items (as specified by the RecoverableItemsQuota parameter), users won't be able to empty the Deleted Items folder or permanently delete mailbox items. Also copy-on-write won't be able to create copies of modified items. Therefore, it's critical that you monitor the Recoverable Items quotas for mailbox users placed on litigation hold.
Recovering Purged Data
Data that is stored in the Recoverable Items\Purges folder is not accessible or discoverable by the end user. However the data is indexed and discoverable for those that have the proper access role in the Exchange organization role. Role Based Access Control (RBAC) provides the Discovery Management role to allow secure search access to non-technical personnel, without providing elevated privileges to make any operational changes to Exchange Server configuration. Compliance officers or other Exchange administrators with the Discovery Management role can leverage the Exchange Control Panel (ECP) to perform discovery searches using an easy-to-use search interface.
When a single item recovery request is received by help desk, the following actions can be taken:
Either Help Desk or a member of the Discovery Management role utilizes the Exchange Control Panel to target a search against the user's mailbox to locate the data in question. The framework to perform the search allows the administrator to use Advanced Query Syntax. The recovered data is then extracted and placed in the Discovery Mailbox in a folder that bears the user's name and the date/time that the search was performed.
The administrator then opens the Discovery Mailbox via OWA or Outlook and verifies that the content recovered is the content requested by the end user.
The administrator then leverages the Exchange Management Shell to perform an export-mailbox against the discovery mailbox targeting the end user's mailbox. The data is then placed back into the end user's mailbox.
Help Desk can close the ticket.
Backups and Single Item Recovery
Naturally after understanding the features included in Exchange 2010, a logical follow up question is "Do I still need backups for single item recovery?" The answer depends on your backup requirements and your capacity planning.
Today many customers minimize the deleted item retention window, yet they maintain long backup retention time periods (from 14 days to several months to years).
Let's consider a customer that currently maintains backups for 90 days and only retains deleted items within Exchange for 5 days. This customer is performing backup restores on a weekly basis to recover deleted items for end users. If the customer moved to Exchange 2010 they could move that process into Exchange by simply increasing their mailboxes capacity for dumpster:
Users send/receive 100 messages per work day and have an average message size of 50KB
Single Item Recovery is enabled and the deleted retention window is configured to be 90 days
By increasing each mailbox's capacity by a minimum of 350MB, backups are no longer needed for single item recovery. Single item recovery can be maintained and performed within Exchange.
But let's not stop there. What if the requirement is that items must be recoverable for 1 year? Assuming the same assumptions used in the previous example with the exception that deleted item retention is now configured for 365 days, each mailbox needs an additional minimum 1.4GB of space.
Ultimately, if the storage subsystem is planned and designed appropriately and mailbox resiliency features are leveraged, traditional point-in-time backups can be relegated to a disaster recovery mechanism, if they are even needed at all.
Conclusion
Exchange 2010 introduces the concept of single item recovery. Single Item Recovery prevents purging of data and provides versioning capability (the ability to retain the unaltered form of the item). By default this data is retained until the age of the deleted item has exceeded the deleted item retention window. In addition, Exchange 2010 enables long-term preservation of data for litigation hold scenarios by preventing the purging of data all together. The following table summarizes the behavior in Exchange 2010:
Feature State
Soft-deleted items kept in dumpster
Modified (versions) and store hard-deleted items kept in dumpster
User can purge items from dumpster
MRM automatically purges items from dumpster
Single item recovery disabled
Yes
No
Yes
Yes, 14 days by default and 120 days for calendar items
Single item recovery enabled
Yes
Yes
No
Yes, 14 days by default and 120 days for calendar items
Great Article Ross! How do you format the Export-Mailbox cmdlet so that you can target the specific e-mail to be exported without exporting a bunch of folders from the Discovery Mailbox into the Targer mailbox?
Glen Martin wrote:
I think that it is a bit overoptimistic to anticipate this as eliminating the need for backups. Usually when I have to perform a mailbox restore (which I typically have to do about once a week) it is because the client software has done something wrong (usually Entourage or Outlook running in cached mode), and the missing items haven't wound up in Deleted Item Recovery.
Glen - In normal situation, I would. One thing that I did not mention is that we only retain backups for two weeks. :-) This mean that with the new redesigned Dumpster, I can set it to 2 weeks and forget about backup.
Pesos - We are including a VSS plugin for Windows Server Backup (similar to what was included in Exchange 2007 SP2). The only limitation with this tool is that it is not DAG aware (meaning you can only backup the active databases).
Matt - To put it simply you need to move away from PSTs. Larger mailboxes are the answer here. In addition you can leverage, single item recovery, and our messaging records management 2.0 with a personal archive mailbox to retain needed data and manage your quotas.
Nick - We haven't released an Exchange 2010 version of the storage calculator, but I am working on its development. When it is released we will post it to the EHLO blog.
Glen - Single item recovery is just one piece of the puzzle in terms of moving toward having Exchange as your backup solution. You also need multiple copies (covered through our mailbox resiliency features). For the scenario you highlighted, you could leverage a lagged mailbox database copy and control when transaction logs are replayed into the lagged copy, thus providing you a means to recover from logical corruption (provided you know when the corruption occurred).
Karsten - messages/items that are infected by viruses are hopefully quarantined / cleaned at the transport layer. The those quarantined messages would never get to the mailbox. If on the other hand, the infected message got through to the mailbox, it would be treated like any normal message. If there is an AV engine on the mailbox server, it would be able to quaratine or clean the message.
I think that it is a bit overoptimistic to anticipate this as eliminating the need for backups. Usually when I have to perform a mailbox restore (which I typically have to do about once a week) it is because the client software has done something wrong (usually Entourage or Outlook running in cached mode), and the missing items haven't wound up in Deleted Item Recovery.
Thanks Ross. I just finished a 2-day engagement with a Microsoft Exchaneg 2010 specialist and I'm planning to deliver a replication-based backup (no more backups) with a 3 copies of every database in a 3 geographically dispersed Data Centers. Thank you Microsoft. This is a truly great release of Exchange. I estimate the cost of using JBODs and backupless Exchange (Ooooops..... I meant replication based backup) will save my company close to $1 million dollars/year while increasing the mailbox quota from 100 MB to 1 GB and yes.... the VIPs can have have their 10 GB mailboxes... :-)
What about PST's. This is great for deleted items, but when a user has all mail moved to a PST, this is not a delete, but a move message. This still has litigation issues. How will this be handled??
What will the team's recommendation for a backup solution for ex2010 be at launch, since DPM will not launch until later?
thanks,
Wes
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Introduction
\n
Users often delete data from their mailboxes that they later want recovered. Recovery of these deleted items is the most common reason for IT admins to recover data from traditional point-in-time backups today.
\n
With previous versions of Exchange Server, administrators implemented two solutions to enable single item recovery, dumpster and restores. Both had their issues, unfortunately.
\n
Exchange 2010 aims to reduce the complexity and administrative costs associated with single item recovery.
\n
Terminology
\n
The following definitions may be useful for understanding the content within this article:
\n
\n
Store Soft Delete - this is when an item has been deleted from the Deleted Items folder and placed within dumpster.
\n
Store Hard Delete - This is when an item has been marked for purging out of the store.
\n
Hard Delete via Outlook (Shift-Delete) - This is when the end user performs a shift-delete on an item. This results in the item bypassing the deleted items folder and being directly placed in dumpster.
\n
\n
Single Item Recovery in Previous Versions of Exchange
\n
The end user single item recovery functionality was enabled through the store via the store dumpster. Administrators configured the dumpster setting on a per database or per mailbox basis. The default deleted item retention window in Exchange 2003 is 7 days, while with Exchange 2007 the default is 14 days.
\n
The end user recovery process worked typically like this (see figure 1):
\n\n
User receives message.
\n
User deletes the message. The message is moved to the Deleted Items folder.
\n
The user empties the deleted items folder (or an automated process like Managed Folders or Records Management deletes items out of the deleted items folder on a scheduled basis).
\n
The user then realizes he requires the previously deleted item. Using Outlook the user accesses Recover Deleted Items.
\n
Assuming the deletion timestamp of the deleted item is still within the deleted item retention period, the user has two choices:
\n\n
The user can recover the item. The recovered item is placed back in the Deleted Items folder.
\n
The user can purge the item from recover deleted items. This results in the deletion of the message permanently from the user's mailbox.
\n\n
Figure 1. Dumpster in Previous Versions
\n
If the item's deletion timestamp is beyond the deleted item retention period, then the item is not available for end user recovery. Instead, the user must call Help Desk and request recovery of the item. This involves:
\n\n
The user knowing when he deleted the item.
\n
The Exchange administrator locates a backup that contains the item in question.
\n
The Exchange administrator successfully restores the database to a recovery storage group.
\n
The Exchange Administrator extracts the deleted item and provides it back to the user. This of course assumes that there is a policy that allows for single item restoration and that this process isn't a really low priority for the Exchange administrator.
\n\n
If the backup is invalid, or if there is no backup for the time period in question, then the deleted data is unrecoverable.
\n
The other issue that needs highlighting is the fact that in previous versions of Exchange there is no way to prevent the end user from purging the data from the Recover Deleted Items view. This poses a significant legal risk for organizations that must ensure compliance requirements are met.
\n
Dumpster Changes
\n
In previous releases of Exchange Server, dumpster is essentially a view stored per folder. Items in the dumpster (henceforth known as Dumpster 1.0) stay in the folder where they were soft-deleted (shift-delete or delete from Deleted Items) and are stamped with the ptagDeletedOnFlag flag. These items are special-cased in the store to be excluded from normal Outlook views and quotas. In addition, data with this flag cannot be searched or indexed.
\n
Note: Users can perform a shift-delete and cause a message to bypass the Deleted Items folder and go straight to dumpster. Prior to Outlook 2007, the Recover Deleted Items tool, by default, only exposed the dumpster view for the Deleted Items folder. By setting the DumpsterAlwaysOn registry key (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/886205) you can enable the Recover Deleted Items tool for all folders in the mailbox and thus expose dumpster data for any folder in the Exchange 2003 or Exchange 2007 mailbox.
\n
One of the key architectural changes in Exchange 2010 is to truly enable a litigation hold experience for customers that have legal compliance requirements. As a result, Exchange 2010 must meet these requirements:
\n
\n
Exchange has to ensure that dumpster data moves with the mailbox.
\n
Dumpster data must be indexed and discoverable.
\n
Dumpster must have a quota.
\n
Exchange has to prevent purging of data from dumpster.
\n
Exchange has to track edits of certain content.
\n
Dumpster should be per mailbox and not per folder.
\n
\n
In order to facilitate these requirements, Dumpster was re-architected. Unlike Dumpster 1.0, Dumpster 2.0 is no longer simply a view. Dumpster in Exchange 2010 is implemented as a folder called the Recoverable Items and is located within the Non-IPM subtree of the user's mailbox (note that this is a hidden section of the mailbox and is not exposed to the end user through any client interface). The folder has three sub-folders:
\n\n
Deletions
\n
Versions
\n
Purges
\n\n
The Deletions folder replaces the ptagDeletedOnFlag view that was displayed when a user accessed the Recover Deleted Items tool. When a user soft deletes or performs an Outlook hard delete against an item, the item is moved to the Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder. When the user accesses Outlook/OWA Recover Deleted Items, the RPC Client Access service translates the request and returns the Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder view.
By architecting Dumpster to be a folder, three of the requirements are immediately met:
\n
\n
Dumpster data is now indexed and discoverable.
\n
Dumpster data can now be moved with the mailbox.
\n
Dumpster data is now stored on a per-mailbox basis rather than a per folder basis. From an end-user perspective, this means that deleted data is now easier to recover because Recover Deleted Items tool will now expose deleted data across the entire mailbox.
\n
\n
To ensure that Denial of Service attacks by placing large quantities of data into dumpster are prevented, Dumpster 2.0 has configurable quota settings. These settings can be configured per database and per mailbox:
\n
\n
RecoverableItemsWarningQuota - Sets the soft limit that defaults to 20 GB. When the Recoverable Items folder reaches that size, the Exchange administrator will be notified via an event log alert. This alert should fire at the time the mailbox reaches the limit and once daily afterward. By default, the mailbox is not configured with this property, meaning that database-level limits are used. At this limit items will begin to be deleted from the dumpster using the first-in / first-out (FIFO) principle - essentially, the oldest items in the dumpster are deleted first. For example, consider a mailbox that has a dumpster that is 20GB in size and the user deletes an additional 50MB worth of data. In this case, the oldest 50MB worth of data is deleted to make room for the new 50MB worth of data.
\n
RecoverableItemsQuota - Sets the hard limit that defaults to 30 GB. At that limit, soft deletes will fail. The Exchange administrator will be notified via an event log alert. This alert should fire at the time the mailbox reaches the limit and once daily afterward. By default, the mailbox is not configured with this property, meaning that database-level limits are used.
\n
\n
Note: Exchange 2010 includes capability for each mailbox to also maintain an archive mailbox as well. There is a dumpster for both the primary mailbox and the archive mailbox. Data deleted in the primary mailbox is placed in the primary mailbox dumpster, while data deleted in the archive mailbox is placed in the archive mailbox dumpster.
\n
Single Item Recovery in Exchange 2010
\n
But how does Exchange 2010 meet the other two requirements, ensuring data is not either accidentally or maliciously purged and that versions are tracked? Exchange 2010 now includes two mechanisms to meet those requirements:
\n\n
Short-term preservation of data
\n
Long-term preservation of data
\n\n
Short-Term Preservation of Data
\n
Exchange 2010 includes the ability to ensure that data within the mailbox is preserved for a period of time. This feature can be enabled enabled on a per mailbox basis by running the following cmdlet:
\n
Set-Mailbox -SingleItemRecoveryEnabled $true
\n
Note: When enabling this feature, you will be notified that it could take up to 60 minutes for single item recovery to take effect. This is an approximation due to Active Directory replication. Be sure to evaluate your Active Directory replication topology with respect to administering recipients to understanding how Active Directory replication may impact changes in your environment.
\n
The time period by which the deleted data is maintained is based on the deleted item retention window. The default time period is 14 days in Exchange 2010 and is configurable per database or per mailbox. The following cmdlets let you alter this behavior:
\n
For the mailbox database: Set-MailboxDatabase -DeletedItemRetention
\n
For the mailbox: Set-Mailbox -RetainDeletedItemsFor
\n
Note: Regardless, of whether you have Single Item Recovery enabled, calendar items are maintained in the Recoverable Items folder structure for 120 days. Long-term data preservation via litigation hold will disable the expiration of the items.
\n
At this point you may be thinking, how is this any different than in previous versions of Exchange? With short-term preservation deleted items will still be moved into the Recoverable Items folder structure. However, the data cannot be purged until deletion timestamp is past the deleted item retention window. Even if the end user attempts to purge the data, the data is retained. Consider this example by a malicious user:
\n\n
User sends or receives a message that is legally incriminating.
\n
User deletes the message. The message is moved to the Deleted Items folder.
\n
The user empties the deleted items folder.
\n
The user accesses the Recover Deleted Items functionality in Outlook or OWA.
\n
The user then selects the item and deletes the item. At this point the user believes he has removed the incriminating evidence. And this is a key strength in this work flow as the end user's actions are not interrupted or prevented; in other words, the end user's work flow is not impaired with single item recovery enabled.
\n\n
However, the message was not purged from the mailbox store. Instead the message was moved from the Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder to the Recoverable Items\\Purges folder. All store hard-deleted items end up in this folder when single item recovery is enabled. The Recoverable Items\\Purges folder is not visible to the end user, meaning that they do not see data retained in this folder in the Recover Deleted Items tool.
\n
When the message deletion timestamp has exceeded the deleted item retention window, Records Management will purge the item. See Figure 2 for a visual representation of this behavior.
\n
Figure 2. Dumpster 2.0
\n
Not only does short term preservation prevent purging of data before the deleted item retention window has expired, but it also enables versioning functionality. Essentially when an item is changed, a copy-on-write is performed to preserve the original version of the item. The original item is placed in the Recoverable Items\\Versions folder. This folder is not exposed to the end user. What triggers a copy-on-write?
\n
\n
For messages and posts (IPM.Note* and IPM.Post*), copy-on-write will capture changes in the subject, body, attachments, senders/recipients, and sent/received dates.
\n
For other types of items, copy-on-write will occur for any change to the item except for moves between folders and read/unread status changes.\\
\n
Drafts will be exempt from copy-on-write to prevent excessive copies when drafts are auto-saved.
\n
\n
The data stored in the Recoverable Items\\Versions folder is indexed and discoverable by compliance officers.
\n
Long-Term Preservation of Data
\n
Customers sometimes require mechanisms by which data is maintained for longer periods of time, say indefinitely. This is typically due to litigation hold that occurs when the organization is undergoing a lawsuit. With Exchange 2010, litigation hold can be enabled via the Exchange Control Panel or by setting the property LitigationHoldEnabled via the Set-Mailbox cmdlet.
\n
Note: When enabling this feature, you will be notified that it could take up to 60 minutes for single item recovery to take effect. This is an approximation due to Active Directory replication. Be sure to evaluate your Active Directory replication topology with respect to administering recipients to understanding how Active Directory replication may impact changes in your environment.
\n
When litigation hold is enabled, records management purging of dumpster data ceases. Consider the following four cases:
\n\n
When the end user deletes an item from the \"Deleted Items\" folder or shift-deletes Outlook/OWA from any folder (soft delete), the item is moved to Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder, where it can be recovered in the Outlook /OWA \"Recover Deleted Items\" view.
\n
If the end user purges data from the \"Recover Deleted Items\" view (hard delete from the Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder), the item will be moved to the Recoverable Items\\Purges folder.
\n
When an end user modifies an item, a copy of the original item is placed in the Recoverable Items\\Versions folder based on the criteria discussed in the Short-Term Preservation of Data section.
\n\n
Also, when litigation hold is enabled, the FIFO deletion at warning limit is ignored . When a user's Recoverable Items folder exceeds the warning quota for recoverable items (as specified by the RecoverableItemsWarningQuota parameter), an event is logged in the Application event log of the Mailbox server. When the folder exceeds the quota for recoverable items (as specified by the RecoverableItemsQuota parameter), users won't be able to empty the Deleted Items folder or permanently delete mailbox items. Also copy-on-write won't be able to create copies of modified items. Therefore, it's critical that you monitor the Recoverable Items quotas for mailbox users placed on litigation hold.
\n
Recovering Purged Data
\n
Data that is stored in the Recoverable Items\\Purges folder is not accessible or discoverable by the end user. However the data is indexed and discoverable for those that have the proper access role in the Exchange organization role. Role Based Access Control (RBAC) provides the Discovery Management role to allow secure search access to non-technical personnel, without providing elevated privileges to make any operational changes to Exchange Server configuration. Compliance officers or other Exchange administrators with the Discovery Management role can leverage the Exchange Control Panel (ECP) to perform discovery searches using an easy-to-use search interface.
\n
When a single item recovery request is received by help desk, the following actions can be taken:
\n\n
Either Help Desk or a member of the Discovery Management role utilizes the Exchange Control Panel to target a search against the user's mailbox to locate the data in question. The framework to perform the search allows the administrator to use Advanced Query Syntax. The recovered data is then extracted and placed in the Discovery Mailbox in a folder that bears the user's name and the date/time that the search was performed.
\n
The administrator then opens the Discovery Mailbox via OWA or Outlook and verifies that the content recovered is the content requested by the end user.
\n
The administrator then leverages the Exchange Management Shell to perform an export-mailbox against the discovery mailbox targeting the end user's mailbox. The data is then placed back into the end user's mailbox.
\n
Help Desk can close the ticket.
\n\n
Backups and Single Item Recovery
\n
Naturally after understanding the features included in Exchange 2010, a logical follow up question is \"Do I still need backups for single item recovery?\" The answer depends on your backup requirements and your capacity planning.
\n
Today many customers minimize the deleted item retention window, yet they maintain long backup retention time periods (from 14 days to several months to years).
\n
Let's consider a customer that currently maintains backups for 90 days and only retains deleted items within Exchange for 5 days. This customer is performing backup restores on a weekly basis to recover deleted items for end users. If the customer moved to Exchange 2010 they could move that process into Exchange by simply increasing their mailboxes capacity for dumpster:
\n
\n
Users send/receive 100 messages per work day and have an average message size of 50KB
\n
Single Item Recovery is enabled and the deleted retention window is configured to be 90 days
By increasing each mailbox's capacity by a minimum of 350MB, backups are no longer needed for single item recovery. Single item recovery can be maintained and performed within Exchange.
\n
But let's not stop there. What if the requirement is that items must be recoverable for 1 year? Assuming the same assumptions used in the previous example with the exception that deleted item retention is now configured for 365 days, each mailbox needs an additional minimum 1.4GB of space.
\n
Ultimately, if the storage subsystem is planned and designed appropriately and mailbox resiliency features are leveraged, traditional point-in-time backups can be relegated to a disaster recovery mechanism, if they are even needed at all.
\n
Conclusion
\n
Exchange 2010 introduces the concept of single item recovery. Single Item Recovery prevents purging of data and provides versioning capability (the ability to retain the unaltered form of the item). By default this data is retained until the age of the deleted item has exceeded the deleted item retention window. In addition, Exchange 2010 enables long-term preservation of data for litigation hold scenarios by preventing the purging of data all together. The following table summarizes the behavior in Exchange 2010:
\n
\n\n
\n
\n
Feature State
\n
\n
\n
Soft-deleted items kept in dumpster
\n
\n
\n
Modified (versions) and store hard-deleted items kept in dumpster
\n
\n
\n
User can purge items from dumpster
\n
\n
\n
MRM automatically purges items from dumpster
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Single item recovery disabled
\n
\n
\n
Yes
\n
\n
\n
No
\n
\n
\n
Yes
\n
\n
\n
Yes, 14 days by default and 120 days for calendar items
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Single item recovery enabled
\n
\n
\n
Yes
\n
\n
\n
Yes
\n
\n
\n
No
\n
\n
\n
Yes, 14 days by default and 120 days for calendar items
Users often delete data from their mailboxes that they later want recovered. Recovery of these deleted items is the most common reason for IT admins to recover data from traditional point-in-time backups today.
\n
With previous versions of Exchange Server, administrators implemented two solutions to enable single item recovery, dumpster and restores. Both had their issues, unfortunately.
\n
Exchange 2010 aims to reduce the complexity and administrative costs associated with single item recovery.
\n
Terminology
\n
The following definitions may be useful for understanding the content within this article:
\n
\n
Store Soft Delete - this is when an item has been deleted from the Deleted Items folder and placed within dumpster.
\n
Store Hard Delete - This is when an item has been marked for purging out of the store.
\n
Hard Delete via Outlook (Shift-Delete) - This is when the end user performs a shift-delete on an item. This results in the item bypassing the deleted items folder and being directly placed in dumpster.
\n
\n
Single Item Recovery in Previous Versions of Exchange
\n
The end user single item recovery functionality was enabled through the store via the store dumpster. Administrators configured the dumpster setting on a per database or per mailbox basis. The default deleted item retention window in Exchange 2003 is 7 days, while with Exchange 2007 the default is 14 days.
\n
The end user recovery process worked typically like this (see figure 1):
\n\n
User receives message.
\n
User deletes the message. The message is moved to the Deleted Items folder.
\n
The user empties the deleted items folder (or an automated process like Managed Folders or Records Management deletes items out of the deleted items folder on a scheduled basis).
\n
The user then realizes he requires the previously deleted item. Using Outlook the user accesses Recover Deleted Items.
\n
Assuming the deletion timestamp of the deleted item is still within the deleted item retention period, the user has two choices:
\n\n
The user can recover the item. The recovered item is placed back in the Deleted Items folder.
\n
The user can purge the item from recover deleted items. This results in the deletion of the message permanently from the user's mailbox.
\n\n
Figure 1. Dumpster in Previous Versions
\n
If the item's deletion timestamp is beyond the deleted item retention period, then the item is not available for end user recovery. Instead, the user must call Help Desk and request recovery of the item. This involves:
\n\n
The user knowing when he deleted the item.
\n
The Exchange administrator locates a backup that contains the item in question.
\n
The Exchange administrator successfully restores the database to a recovery storage group.
\n
The Exchange Administrator extracts the deleted item and provides it back to the user. This of course assumes that there is a policy that allows for single item restoration and that this process isn't a really low priority for the Exchange administrator.
\n\n
If the backup is invalid, or if there is no backup for the time period in question, then the deleted data is unrecoverable.
\n
The other issue that needs highlighting is the fact that in previous versions of Exchange there is no way to prevent the end user from purging the data from the Recover Deleted Items view. This poses a significant legal risk for organizations that must ensure compliance requirements are met.
\n
Dumpster Changes
\n
In previous releases of Exchange Server, dumpster is essentially a view stored per folder. Items in the dumpster (henceforth known as Dumpster 1.0) stay in the folder where they were soft-deleted (shift-delete or delete from Deleted Items) and are stamped with the ptagDeletedOnFlag flag. These items are special-cased in the store to be excluded from normal Outlook views and quotas. In addition, data with this flag cannot be searched or indexed.
\n
Note: Users can perform a shift-delete and cause a message to bypass the Deleted Items folder and go straight to dumpster. Prior to Outlook 2007, the Recover Deleted Items tool, by default, only exposed the dumpster view for the Deleted Items folder. By setting the DumpsterAlwaysOn registry key (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/886205) you can enable the Recover Deleted Items tool for all folders in the mailbox and thus expose dumpster data for any folder in the Exchange 2003 or Exchange 2007 mailbox.
\n
One of the key architectural changes in Exchange 2010 is to truly enable a litigation hold experience for customers that have legal compliance requirements. As a result, Exchange 2010 must meet these requirements:
\n
\n
Exchange has to ensure that dumpster data moves with the mailbox.
\n
Dumpster data must be indexed and discoverable.
\n
Dumpster must have a quota.
\n
Exchange has to prevent purging of data from dumpster.
\n
Exchange has to track edits of certain content.
\n
Dumpster should be per mailbox and not per folder.
\n
\n
In order to facilitate these requirements, Dumpster was re-architected. Unlike Dumpster 1.0, Dumpster 2.0 is no longer simply a view. Dumpster in Exchange 2010 is implemented as a folder called the Recoverable Items and is located within the Non-IPM subtree of the user's mailbox (note that this is a hidden section of the mailbox and is not exposed to the end user through any client interface). The folder has three sub-folders:
\n\n
Deletions
\n
Versions
\n
Purges
\n\n
The Deletions folder replaces the ptagDeletedOnFlag view that was displayed when a user accessed the Recover Deleted Items tool. When a user soft deletes or performs an Outlook hard delete against an item, the item is moved to the Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder. When the user accesses Outlook/OWA Recover Deleted Items, the RPC Client Access service translates the request and returns the Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder view.
By architecting Dumpster to be a folder, three of the requirements are immediately met:
\n
\n
Dumpster data is now indexed and discoverable.
\n
Dumpster data can now be moved with the mailbox.
\n
Dumpster data is now stored on a per-mailbox basis rather than a per folder basis. From an end-user perspective, this means that deleted data is now easier to recover because Recover Deleted Items tool will now expose deleted data across the entire mailbox.
\n
\n
To ensure that Denial of Service attacks by placing large quantities of data into dumpster are prevented, Dumpster 2.0 has configurable quota settings. These settings can be configured per database and per mailbox:
\n
\n
RecoverableItemsWarningQuota - Sets the soft limit that defaults to 20 GB. When the Recoverable Items folder reaches that size, the Exchange administrator will be notified via an event log alert. This alert should fire at the time the mailbox reaches the limit and once daily afterward. By default, the mailbox is not configured with this property, meaning that database-level limits are used. At this limit items will begin to be deleted from the dumpster using the first-in / first-out (FIFO) principle - essentially, the oldest items in the dumpster are deleted first. For example, consider a mailbox that has a dumpster that is 20GB in size and the user deletes an additional 50MB worth of data. In this case, the oldest 50MB worth of data is deleted to make room for the new 50MB worth of data.
\n
RecoverableItemsQuota - Sets the hard limit that defaults to 30 GB. At that limit, soft deletes will fail. The Exchange administrator will be notified via an event log alert. This alert should fire at the time the mailbox reaches the limit and once daily afterward. By default, the mailbox is not configured with this property, meaning that database-level limits are used.
\n
\n
Note: Exchange 2010 includes capability for each mailbox to also maintain an archive mailbox as well. There is a dumpster for both the primary mailbox and the archive mailbox. Data deleted in the primary mailbox is placed in the primary mailbox dumpster, while data deleted in the archive mailbox is placed in the archive mailbox dumpster.
\n
Single Item Recovery in Exchange 2010
\n
But how does Exchange 2010 meet the other two requirements, ensuring data is not either accidentally or maliciously purged and that versions are tracked? Exchange 2010 now includes two mechanisms to meet those requirements:
\n\n
Short-term preservation of data
\n
Long-term preservation of data
\n\n
Short-Term Preservation of Data
\n
Exchange 2010 includes the ability to ensure that data within the mailbox is preserved for a period of time. This feature can be enabled enabled on a per mailbox basis by running the following cmdlet:
\n
Set-Mailbox -SingleItemRecoveryEnabled $true
\n
Note: When enabling this feature, you will be notified that it could take up to 60 minutes for single item recovery to take effect. This is an approximation due to Active Directory replication. Be sure to evaluate your Active Directory replication topology with respect to administering recipients to understanding how Active Directory replication may impact changes in your environment.
\n
The time period by which the deleted data is maintained is based on the deleted item retention window. The default time period is 14 days in Exchange 2010 and is configurable per database or per mailbox. The following cmdlets let you alter this behavior:
\n
For the mailbox database: Set-MailboxDatabase -DeletedItemRetention
\n
For the mailbox: Set-Mailbox -RetainDeletedItemsFor
\n
Note: Regardless, of whether you have Single Item Recovery enabled, calendar items are maintained in the Recoverable Items folder structure for 120 days. Long-term data preservation via litigation hold will disable the expiration of the items.
\n
At this point you may be thinking, how is this any different than in previous versions of Exchange? With short-term preservation deleted items will still be moved into the Recoverable Items folder structure. However, the data cannot be purged until deletion timestamp is past the deleted item retention window. Even if the end user attempts to purge the data, the data is retained. Consider this example by a malicious user:
\n\n
User sends or receives a message that is legally incriminating.
\n
User deletes the message. The message is moved to the Deleted Items folder.
\n
The user empties the deleted items folder.
\n
The user accesses the Recover Deleted Items functionality in Outlook or OWA.
\n
The user then selects the item and deletes the item. At this point the user believes he has removed the incriminating evidence. And this is a key strength in this work flow as the end user's actions are not interrupted or prevented; in other words, the end user's work flow is not impaired with single item recovery enabled.
\n\n
However, the message was not purged from the mailbox store. Instead the message was moved from the Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder to the Recoverable Items\\Purges folder. All store hard-deleted items end up in this folder when single item recovery is enabled. The Recoverable Items\\Purges folder is not visible to the end user, meaning that they do not see data retained in this folder in the Recover Deleted Items tool.
\n
When the message deletion timestamp has exceeded the deleted item retention window, Records Management will purge the item. See Figure 2 for a visual representation of this behavior.
\n
Figure 2. Dumpster 2.0
\n
Not only does short term preservation prevent purging of data before the deleted item retention window has expired, but it also enables versioning functionality. Essentially when an item is changed, a copy-on-write is performed to preserve the original version of the item. The original item is placed in the Recoverable Items\\Versions folder. This folder is not exposed to the end user. What triggers a copy-on-write?
\n
\n
For messages and posts (IPM.Note* and IPM.Post*), copy-on-write will capture changes in the subject, body, attachments, senders/recipients, and sent/received dates.
\n
For other types of items, copy-on-write will occur for any change to the item except for moves between folders and read/unread status changes.\\
\n
Drafts will be exempt from copy-on-write to prevent excessive copies when drafts are auto-saved.
\n
\n
The data stored in the Recoverable Items\\Versions folder is indexed and discoverable by compliance officers.
\n
Long-Term Preservation of Data
\n
Customers sometimes require mechanisms by which data is maintained for longer periods of time, say indefinitely. This is typically due to litigation hold that occurs when the organization is undergoing a lawsuit. With Exchange 2010, litigation hold can be enabled via the Exchange Control Panel or by setting the property LitigationHoldEnabled via the Set-Mailbox cmdlet.
\n
Note: When enabling this feature, you will be notified that it could take up to 60 minutes for single item recovery to take effect. This is an approximation due to Active Directory replication. Be sure to evaluate your Active Directory replication topology with respect to administering recipients to understanding how Active Directory replication may impact changes in your environment.
\n
When litigation hold is enabled, records management purging of dumpster data ceases. Consider the following four cases:
\n\n
When the end user deletes an item from the \"Deleted Items\" folder or shift-deletes Outlook/OWA from any folder (soft delete), the item is moved to Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder, where it can be recovered in the Outlook /OWA \"Recover Deleted Items\" view.
\n
If the end user purges data from the \"Recover Deleted Items\" view (hard delete from the Recoverable Items\\Deletions folder), the item will be moved to the Recoverable Items\\Purges folder.
\n
When an end user modifies an item, a copy of the original item is placed in the Recoverable Items\\Versions folder based on the criteria discussed in the Short-Term Preservation of Data section.
\n\n
Also, when litigation hold is enabled, the FIFO deletion at warning limit is ignored . When a user's Recoverable Items folder exceeds the warning quota for recoverable items (as specified by the RecoverableItemsWarningQuota parameter), an event is logged in the Application event log of the Mailbox server. When the folder exceeds the quota for recoverable items (as specified by the RecoverableItemsQuota parameter), users won't be able to empty the Deleted Items folder or permanently delete mailbox items. Also copy-on-write won't be able to create copies of modified items. Therefore, it's critical that you monitor the Recoverable Items quotas for mailbox users placed on litigation hold.
\n
Recovering Purged Data
\n
Data that is stored in the Recoverable Items\\Purges folder is not accessible or discoverable by the end user. However the data is indexed and discoverable for those that have the proper access role in the Exchange organization role. Role Based Access Control (RBAC) provides the Discovery Management role to allow secure search access to non-technical personnel, without providing elevated privileges to make any operational changes to Exchange Server configuration. Compliance officers or other Exchange administrators with the Discovery Management role can leverage the Exchange Control Panel (ECP) to perform discovery searches using an easy-to-use search interface.
\n
When a single item recovery request is received by help desk, the following actions can be taken:
\n\n
Either Help Desk or a member of the Discovery Management role utilizes the Exchange Control Panel to target a search against the user's mailbox to locate the data in question. The framework to perform the search allows the administrator to use Advanced Query Syntax. The recovered data is then extracted and placed in the Discovery Mailbox in a folder that bears the user's name and the date/time that the search was performed.
\n
The administrator then opens the Discovery Mailbox via OWA or Outlook and verifies that the content recovered is the content requested by the end user.
\n
The administrator then leverages the Exchange Management Shell to perform an export-mailbox against the discovery mailbox targeting the end user's mailbox. The data is then placed back into the end user's mailbox.
\n
Help Desk can close the ticket.
\n\n
Backups and Single Item Recovery
\n
Naturally after understanding the features included in Exchange 2010, a logical follow up question is \"Do I still need backups for single item recovery?\" The answer depends on your backup requirements and your capacity planning.
\n
Today many customers minimize the deleted item retention window, yet they maintain long backup retention time periods (from 14 days to several months to years).
\n
Let's consider a customer that currently maintains backups for 90 days and only retains deleted items within Exchange for 5 days. This customer is performing backup restores on a weekly basis to recover deleted items for end users. If the customer moved to Exchange 2010 they could move that process into Exchange by simply increasing their mailboxes capacity for dumpster:
\n
\n
Users send/receive 100 messages per work day and have an average message size of 50KB
\n
Single Item Recovery is enabled and the deleted retention window is configured to be 90 days
By increasing each mailbox's capacity by a minimum of 350MB, backups are no longer needed for single item recovery. Single item recovery can be maintained and performed within Exchange.
\n
But let's not stop there. What if the requirement is that items must be recoverable for 1 year? Assuming the same assumptions used in the previous example with the exception that deleted item retention is now configured for 365 days, each mailbox needs an additional minimum 1.4GB of space.
\n
Ultimately, if the storage subsystem is planned and designed appropriately and mailbox resiliency features are leveraged, traditional point-in-time backups can be relegated to a disaster recovery mechanism, if they are even needed at all.
\n
Conclusion
\n
Exchange 2010 introduces the concept of single item recovery. Single Item Recovery prevents purging of data and provides versioning capability (the ability to retain the unaltered form of the item). By default this data is retained until the age of the deleted item has exceeded the deleted item retention window. In addition, Exchange 2010 enables long-term preservation of data for litigation hold scenarios by preventing the purging of data all together. The following table summarizes the behavior in Exchange 2010:
\n
\n\n
\n
\n
Feature State
\n
\n
\n
Soft-deleted items kept in dumpster
\n
\n
\n
Modified (versions) and store hard-deleted items kept in dumpster
\n
\n
\n
User can purge items from dumpster
\n
\n
\n
MRM automatically purges items from dumpster
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Single item recovery disabled
\n
\n
\n
Yes
\n
\n
\n
No
\n
\n
\n
Yes
\n
\n
\n
Yes, 14 days by default and 120 days for calendar items
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Single item recovery enabled
\n
\n
\n
Yes
\n
\n
\n
Yes
\n
\n
\n
No
\n
\n
\n
Yes, 14 days by default and 120 days for calendar items
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this topic","repliesTurnedOff.BLOG":"Comments are turned off for this topic","repliesTurnedOff.TKB":"Comments are turned off for this topic","repliesTurnedOff.IDEA":"Comments are turned off for this topic","repliesTurnedOff.OCCASION":"Comments are turned off for this topic","infoText":"Stop poking me!"},"localOverride":false},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598442":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598442","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598442":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598442","revisionNum":1,"uid":598442,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598442"},"body":"Great Article Ross! How do you format the Export-Mailbox cmdlet so that you can target the specific e-mail to be exported without exporting a bunch of folders from the Discovery Mailbox into the Targer mailbox?","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"208","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-29T02:40:24.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-29T02:40:24.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5875},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598442","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598441":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598441","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598441":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598441","revisionNum":1,"uid":598441,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598441"},"body":"Bye Bye mailboxes Backup. Good work","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"35","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-28T19:50:58.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-28T19:50:58.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5874},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598441","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598440":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598440","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598440":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598440","revisionNum":1,"uid":598440,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598440"},"body":"Glen Martin wrote:\n I think that it is a bit overoptimistic to anticipate this as eliminating the need for backups. Usually when I have to perform a mailbox restore (which I typically have to do about once a week) it is because the client software has done something wrong (usually Entourage or Outlook running in cached mode), and the missing items haven't wound up in Deleted Item Recovery. \n \n Glen - In normal situation, I would. One thing that I did not mention is that we only retain backups for two weeks. :-) This mean that with the new redesigned Dumpster, I can set it to 2 weeks and forget about backup.","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"203","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-17T02:20:57.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-17T02:20:57.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5866},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598440","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598439":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598439","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598439":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598439","revisionNum":1,"uid":598439,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598439"},"body":"Pesos - We are including a VSS plugin for Windows Server Backup (similar to what was included in Exchange 2007 SP2). The only limitation with this tool is that it is not DAG aware (meaning you can only backup the active databases).\n \n Matt - To put it simply you need to move away from PSTs. Larger mailboxes are the answer here. In addition you can leverage, single item recovery, and our messaging records management 2.0 with a personal archive mailbox to retain needed data and manage your quotas. \n \n Nick - We haven't released an Exchange 2010 version of the storage calculator, but I am working on its development. When it is released we will post it to the EHLO blog.\n \n Glen - Single item recovery is just one piece of the puzzle in terms of moving toward having Exchange as your backup solution. You also need multiple copies (covered through our mailbox resiliency features). For the scenario you highlighted, you could leverage a lagged mailbox database copy and control when transaction logs are replayed into the lagged copy, thus providing you a means to recover from logical corruption (provided you know when the corruption occurred).\n \n Karsten - messages/items that are infected by viruses are hopefully quarantined / cleaned at the transport layer. The those quarantined messages would never get to the mailbox. If on the other hand, the infected message got through to the mailbox, it would be treated like any normal message. If there is an AV engine on the mailbox server, it would be able to quaratine or clean the message.\n \n Ross","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"208","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-12T01:19:09.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-12T01:19:09.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5868},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598439","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598438":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598438","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598438":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598438","revisionNum":1,"uid":598438,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598438"},"body":"What about Exchange integrated Virusscanners - wil the Viruses be placed in one of the \"Recoverable Items\" folders?","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"115","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-11T21:50:36.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-11T21:50:36.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5879},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598438","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"customFields":[],"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}}},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598437":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598437","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598437":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598437","revisionNum":1,"uid":598437,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598437"},"body":"I think that it is a bit overoptimistic to anticipate this as eliminating the need for backups. Usually when I have to perform a mailbox restore (which I typically have to do about once a week) it is because the client software has done something wrong (usually Entourage or Outlook running in cached mode), and the missing items haven't wound up in Deleted Item Recovery.","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"203","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-09T19:54:28.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-09T19:54:28.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5868},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598437","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"customFields":[]},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598436":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598436","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598436":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598436","revisionNum":1,"uid":598436,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598436"},"body":"Is there a version of the Storage Requirements Calculator for Exchange 2010. I can only find 2007 version?","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"112","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-09T03:24:56.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-09T03:24:56.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5874},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598436","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"customFields":[]},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598435":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598435","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598435":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598435","revisionNum":1,"uid":598435,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598435"},"body":"Thanks Ross. I just finished a 2-day engagement with a Microsoft Exchaneg 2010 specialist and I'm planning to deliver a replication-based backup (no more backups) with a 3 copies of every database in a 3 geographically dispersed Data Centers. Thank you Microsoft. This is a truly great release of Exchange. I estimate the cost of using JBODs and backupless Exchange (Ooooops..... I meant replication based backup) will save my company close to $1 million dollars/year while increasing the mailbox quota from 100 MB to 1 GB and yes.... the VIPs can have have their 10 GB mailboxes... :-)","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"203","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-07T04:27:53.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-07T04:27:53.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5879},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598435","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"customFields":[]},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598434":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598434","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598434":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598434","revisionNum":1,"uid":598434,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598434"},"body":"What about PST's. This is great for deleted items, but when a user has all mail moved to a PST, this is not a delete, but a move message. This still has litigation issues. How will this be handled??","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"198","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-05T15:20:08.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-05T15:20:08.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5874},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598434","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"customFields":[]},"ModerationData:moderation_data:598433":{"__typename":"ModerationData","id":"moderation_data:598433","status":"APPROVED","rejectReason":null,"isReportedAbuse":false,"rejectUser":null,"rejectTime":null,"rejectActorType":null},"BlogReplyMessage:message:598433":{"__typename":"BlogReplyMessage","author":{"__ref":"User:user:-1"},"id":"message:598433","revisionNum":1,"uid":598433,"depth":1,"hasGivenKudo":false,"subscribed":false,"board":{"__ref":"Blog:board:Exchange"},"parent":{"__ref":"BlogTopicMessage:message:598426"},"conversation":{"__ref":"Conversation:conversation:598426"},"subject":"Re: Single Item Recovery in Exchange Server 2010","moderationData":{"__ref":"ModerationData:moderation_data:598433"},"body":"Thanks Ross, good to know...\n \n What will the team's recommendation for a backup solution for ex2010 be at launch, since DPM will not launch until later?\n \n thanks,\n Wes","body@stripHtml({\"removeProcessingText\":false,\"removeSpoilerMarkup\":false,\"removeTocMarkup\":false,\"truncateLength\":200})@stringLength":"174","kudosSumWeight":0,"repliesCount":0,"postTime":"2009-10-02T20:07:10.000-07:00","lastPublishTime":"2009-10-02T20:07:10.000-07:00","metrics":{"__typename":"MessageMetrics","views":5874},"visibilityScope":"PUBLIC","placeholder":false,"originalMessageForPlaceholder":null,"entityType":"BLOG_REPLY","eventPath":"category:Exchange/category:products-services/category:communities/community:gxcuf89792board:Exchange/message:598426/message:598433","replies":{"__typename":"MessageConnection","pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null},"edges":[]},"attachments":{"__typename":"AttachmentConnection","edges":[],"pageInfo":{"__typename":"PageInfo","hasNextPage":false,"endCursor":null,"hasPreviousPage":false,"startCursor":null}},"customFields":[]},"CachedAsset:text:en_US-components/community/NavbarDropdownToggle-1743095130000":{"__typename":"CachedAsset","id":"text:en_US-components/community/NavbarDropdownToggle-1743095130000","value":{"ariaLabelClosed":"Press 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