How to clear the SharePoint 2013 client side people picker cache

Open regedit and go to: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet Settings\5.0\LowCache\Extensible Cache\DOMStore

Open the path shown in CachePath key in Windows Explorer and do a search for *.xml

Inspect the xml files and you'll see names of people you've resolved or searched for in the people picker

Delete the files as necessary.

Alternatively, if you want to disable the cache, in IE settings, go to the Advanced tab and uncheck the checkbox called "Enable DOM Storage".

Close and restart IE for good measure.